Latitude and Longitude
Two angles measured at the centre of the Earth rather than a grid of distances, and the signed-decimal convention for writing them down, in which a wrong sign moves a place to the other side of the world.
Two angles measured at the centre of the Earth rather than a grid of distances, and the signed-decimal convention for writing them down, in which a wrong sign moves a place to the other side of the world.
A great circle to measure along and a pole to measure away from — the two-part machine that turns a direction in the sky into a pair of numbers.