Latitude and Longitude
Two angles measured at the centre of the Earth — not a grid of distances — and the signed-decimal convention that decides whether your chart is for New York or western China.
Two angles measured at the centre of the Earth — not a grid of distances — and the signed-decimal convention that decides whether your chart is for New York or western China.
A great circle to measure along and a pole to measure away from — the two-part machine that turns a direction in the sky into a pair of numbers.